iii
List of Figures
Figure 1: Typical customs transit procedure .............................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2: Customs transit as a part of the global supply chain............................................................................ 16
Figure 3: TIR Electronic Data Exchange and Data Availability............................................................................ 42
Figure 4: Blockchain new dataset insertion................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 5: ASEAN ACTS Business Processes.................................................................................................................. 55
Figure 6: ACTS High-Level Architecture........................................................................................................................ 56
Figure 7: ASEAN ACTS Live operations corridors..................................................................................................... 58
Figure 8: Latin America Transit Systems ...................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 9: TIM Concept ........................................................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 10: SIECA Logo ........................................................................................................................................................... 63
Figure 11: TIM Customs Transit operation processes ............................................................................................ 66
Figure 12: TIM users (transport companies) statistics .......................................................................................... 67
Figure 13: Paper-based OTS (Old Transit System) processes ............................................................................. 70
Figure 14: NCTS transit movement processes and the exchange of messages ............................................ 75
Figure 15: Regional and international transit arrangements of OIC MS ......................................................... 94
Figure 16: OIC MS and UN ESCAP trade costs database ......................................................................................... 97
Figure 17: Average Trade Costs UN ESCAP database for 2016 ........................................................................... 98
Figure 18: OIC MS average trade costs for landlocked and maritime countries ......................................... 99
Figure 19: LPI score in OIC MS........................................................................................................................................ 100
Figure 20: Average LPI Score of OIC MS, Global and Best Performing Country (Germany)................ 100
Figure 21: Landlocked and Maritime countries LPI Score ................................................................................. 101
Figure 22: OIC MS UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation TF results ........ 103
Figure 23: High-Level TFI score for OIC MS.............................................................................................................. 104
Figure 24: Intermediate Level Scores of OECD TFI for OIC MS ........................................................................ 105
Figure 25: Notification statuses related to the implementation of the TFA Agreement for OIC MS 116
Figure 26: Accession to the relevant international conventions related to CTR...................................... 117
Figure 27: Correlation between trade costs (ESCAP) and TFI - A.08 and B.24......................................... 120
Figure 28: Correlation between trade costs (ESCAP) and International Shipments and
Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................................... 120
Figure 29: Correlation between trade costs (ESCAP) and Timeliness (LPI) and full-time
availability of CDPS (TFI) ............................................................................................................................. 121
Figure 30: Correlation between trade costs (ESCAP) and ATA Carnet (LPI) and automated
CRM (TFI) ............................................................................................................................................................ 121
Figure 31: Correlation between trade costs (ESCAP) and criteria for AEOs and additional
facilitation measures for AEOs (TFI)....................................................................................................... 122
Figure 32: Correlation between trade costs (ESCAP) and AEOs benefits and electronic
payment system integrated with the CDPS (TFI) .............................................................................. 122
Figure 33: Kyrgyz Republic Logistics Performance Index score ..................................................................... 129
Figure 34: Transit Procedure BPA on an entry in Kyrgyzstan.......................................................................... 135
Figure 35: Breakdown of the transit clearance time in percentage ............................................................... 136
Figure 36: Used forms of customs guarantee transit in Central Asia ............................................................ 140
Figure 37: Republic of Senegal Logistics Performance Index score............................................................... 147
Figure 38: Start of the transit procedure ................................................................................................................... 153
Figure 39: End of the transit procedure ..................................................................................................................... 154
Figure 40: Republic of Uganda Logistics Performance Index score ............................................................... 161
Figure 41: Republic of Uganda World Bank Doing Business – Trading Across Border
performances..................................................................................................................................................... 162
Figure 42: Summary of the Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 162
Figure 43: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Logistics Performance Index score............................................. 166
Figure 44: Jordan Logistics Performance Index score ......................................................................................... 174