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i

Table of Contents

List of Figures.......................................................................................................................................III

List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................IV

List of Boxes........................................................................................................................................... V

List of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................... VII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................3

1

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.....................................................................................10

1.1

Custom transit regime concept and custom transit procedure..................................................10

1.2

Landlocked Countries Times and Transport Related Costs.........................................................11

1.3

Customs Transit Procedure .......................................................................................................................12

1.4

Theoretical Background ..............................................................................................................................15

1.5

CTR International Legal Framework .....................................................................................................17

1.6

The Convention on International Transport TIR..............................................................................23

1.7

Efficient CTR .....................................................................................................................................................25

1.8

Benefits of efficient CTRs ............................................................................................................................29

1.9

The role of transit facilitation in regional economic integration...............................................32

2

GLOBAL TRENDS AND GOOD PRACTICES FROM NON-OIC DEVELOPING

COUNTRIES ............................................................................................................................35

2.1

Global Trends in CTR ....................................................................................................................................35

2.2

Good Practices from 3 Regional Transit Systems.............................................................................51

3

ANALYSIS OF THE OIC MEMBER STATES RELATED TO CTR..........................81

3.1

Current status of the OIC Member States related the CTR ...........................................................81

3.2

Empirical Evidence........................................................................................................................................94

4

OIC MEMBER STATES CASE STUDIES.................................................................. 127

4.1

CTR in the Kyrgyz Republic.....................................................................................................................127

4.2

CTR in the Republic of Senegal ..............................................................................................................145

4.3

Desk-based research of three OIC Member States ........................................................................159

4.4

Benchmark Analysis...................................................................................................................................184