ii
6.2.2.4 Standards-Related Issues in Export Markets.................................................................................95
6.2.2.5 Policy Implications of Egypt’s Experience ......................................................................................99
6.2.3 Senegal ................................................................................................................................................................... 101
6.2.3.1 Standards Infrastructure..................................................................................................................... 102
6.2.3.2 Harmonization......................................................................................................................................... 105
6.2.3.3 Impact of Technical Assistance and Capacity Building .......................................................... 107
6.2.3.4 Standards-Related Issues in Export Markets.............................................................................. 107
6.2.3.5 Policy Implications of Senegal’s Experience ............................................................................... 108
6.3 Non-OIC Member State Case Studies .............................................................................................................. 109
6.3.1 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ........................................................................................................... 109
6.3.2 Association of Southeast Asian Nations ................................................................................................... 113
6.3.3 East African Community ................................................................................................................................. 116
7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 121
References ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 126
Appendix 1: Interview Instrument ........................................................................................................................................ 129
Appendix 2: List of People Interviewed............................................................................................................................... 131
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: OIC member states' participation in selected international standards bodies....................................35
Table 2: OIC member states' participation in selected international metrology organizations.....................41
Table 3: OIC member states' participation in selected international accreditation organizations...............44
Table 4: Sectoral distribution of ASN standards. ............................................................................................................. 103
Table 5: Alignment with international standards in APEC.......................................................................................... 110
Table 6: Progress on harmonization in ASEAN. ............................................................................................................... 114
Table 7: Kenyan and EAC standards for maize. ................................................................................................................ 119
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Project motivation—from diagnosis to improvement of outcomes. .........................................................7
Figure 2: An example of a national quality system. ...........................................................................................................10
Figure 3: Schematic representation of harmonization.....................................................................................................13
Figure 4: SPS and TBT notifications, by year, all WTO members.................................................................................22
Figure 5: Standards harmonization in selected OIC countries, latest available year. .........................................28
Figure 6: Percentage of OIC regional group participating in international standards organizations..........46
Figure 7: Frequency of SPS and TBTs in the EU, five largest value exports of the African group..................50