Facilitating Trade:
Improving Customs Risk Management Systems
In the OIC Member States
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Practice type Common practice Collaborative border management practice
People
Physical control at the border Customer compliance focus through intelligence-
driven risk management
Limited transparency Full transparency
Organizational performance measurement Clear measures of individual and collective
performance
Standard training, mainly administrative Capability modeling, commercial and
administrative
Information and
communications
technology (ICT)
Black box systems—systems viewed solely
through input, output, and transfer
characteristics, without knowledge of their
internal workings—using proprietary
software
Extensive use of open source software systems
(free software whose inner components or logic
are available for inspection)
Isolated data capture and information
processing
Service-oriented architecture
National silo-based data architecture Regionally integrated common solutions
ICT security limited to intrusion protection Business continuity assured through security and
contingency arrangements
Emphasis on back-office transaction
processing
Move toward self-service, front office solutions
and direct access to trade systems
Reliance on outmoded commercial off the
shelf or nationalistic solutions
Shared services build of common component
solutions
Infrastructure and
facilities
Agencies operating on a standalone basis Single window interagency collaboration
Individual trader integration with multiple
agencies
One stop shop
Predominance of in-house build and
delivery
Value-added outsourcing
Output-based procurement Outcome-based procurement
Source: Gerard McLinden, Enrique Fanta, David Widdowson, Tom Doyle; Editors, Border Management Modernization, 2011 the
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / World Bank
Box 1: Albania-Montenegro Border Virtualization
Albania and Montenegro is an example of using border virtualization to cut costs and time for
traders and passengers. Both CAs share their infrastructure (facilities, tools, and equipment for
the inspection and examination of goods), use common operating procedures and risk
assessment instruments. Albania is the most effective OIC country when it comes to trading
costs and time.
Box 2: Australia and New Zealand Collaborative Border Management
The Australian Government recognizes the need for collaborative border management and set
up an independent agency. In 2015, the Australian Customs and Protection of Borders Service
ware merged with the Department of Immigration and Border Protection in a single
collaborative organizational structure –Australian Border Force.
The New Zealand Customs Service has established a New Zealand’s Integrated Targeting
Operations Centre (ITOC). ITOC is staffed with members of the New Zealand Customs, Border
Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Agency. The ITOC is managing the intelligence risk
assessment from all border agencies.