Child and Maternal Mortality
in Islamic Countries
99
One respondent stated that “There is Telehealth, but that is just as an idea/plan. They are
developing the system.”
According to another respondent, "The problem with Indonesia is that we are having too much
data and different indicators are used. We need a consensus on what data we will use to monitor.
For monitoring SDGs targets, it is important to have a common platform so you have reliable data."
Health Expenditure: INDONESIA
Table 3.2 shows an increase in GDP and CHE per capita from 2000 to 2016 in Indonesia. The
share of OOPS, however, has decreased from 44% to 37% of the GDP. During this period, the
government general expenditure (GGE) has doubled from 4% to 8%. The promotion of health
insurance in the country may have contributed to the decrease in OOPS. Throughout recent
years, the CHE per capita US$ has increased from $36 in 2000 to $112 in 2016 and the CHE as a
proportion of GDP has increased slightly.
The Domestic Government Expenditure, however, represented about 4.0% of the total budget
(GGE) in 2000 and 8% in 2016, which is only half of the World Health Organization (WHO)
recommendation level of 15% for countries like Indonesia. Yearly trend data of health
expenditure are shown in Figure 3.44 and 3.45.
Table 3. 2 Key Figure of current health expenditure indicators in Indonesia
YEAR
2000 2005 2010 2016
GDP PER CAPITA US$ 1,896 2,228 2,797 3,570
CHE PER CAPITA US$ 36 58 83 112
GGHED%CHE 30% 28% 26% 45%
GGHED%GDP 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 1.4%
OOPS%CHE 44% 54% 57% 37%
GGE%GDP 4% 4% 5% 8%
POPULATION 221,540,432 226,712,736 242,524,128 261,115,456
Note: Expenditure excludes capital investments. Per capita values in constant US$. Macroeconomic data such as
GDP and GGE were taken from international sources including the IMF and World Bank. Domestic government
health expenditure (GGHE-D). Current health expenditure (CHE). General government expenditure (GGE). Out-of-
pocket spending (OOPS). External Resources (EXT). Gross domestic product (GDP).
Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure Database. For more information visit