Child and Maternal Mortality
in Islamic Countries
22
When the U5MR differentials by urban-rural residence were examined, most countries show
higher U5MR in rural areas compared to urban areas (Figure 2.6). Large urban-rural differences
in U5MRs were found in Cameroon (90 versus 145 deaths per 1000 livebirths), Guinea (78
versus 139), Niger (66 versus 136) and Afghanistan (67 versus 43). Urban disadvantaged slum
populations often have poorer health indicators, even compared to rural population, which may
lead to higher U5MR in urban areas. About 80% of urban population in Mauritania live in slum
areas, which may explain higher U5MR in urban areas of the country.
By investigating the counterfactual, assuming that rural areas could achieve a similar level of
U5MR as urban areas, we found that about 46% of U5MR could be reduced in Niger, 35% in
Guinea, 27% in Cameroon, and 31% in Afghanistan by eliminating excess child mortality in rural
areas.
Figure 2.6. Under-five mortality rates by urban-rural residence in selected OIC countries
Data source: Demographic and Health Surveys