182

Table 3.4.3: Probit Regression Estimates of Zero Scores in EGRA (Hausa Sub-Tasks) 2014

VARIABLES

Letter-sound

identification

(CLSPM),

zero score

Non-word

decoding

(CNWPM),

zero score

Oral reading

score (ORF)

Reading

comprehensi

on, zero score

Listening

comprehensi

on, zero score

female

0.0264

0.0441*

0.0395+

0.0360*

0.0173

(0.0336)

(0.0211)

(0.0219)

(0.0183)

(0.0149)

Enrolled in grade 3

-0.0527

-0.0660**

-0.0707**

-0.0226

-0.0202

(0.0372)

(0.0225)

(0.0240)

(0.0199)

(0.0191)

Government school

0.127*

0.171**

0.254**

0.249**

0.00906

(0.0517)

(0.0458)

(0.0466)

(0.0498)

(0.0236)

age

-0.0397**

-0.0329**

-0.0366**

-0.0278**

-0.0350**

(0.0103)

(0.00530)

(0.00570)

(0.00449)

(0.00575)

Attended KG

school

-0.00792

-0.0178

-0.0205

-0.0239

0.00500

(0.0352)

(0.0227)

(0.0239)

(0.0201)

(0.0193)

Ate meal at home

-0.0135

-0.0236

-0.0372

-0.0292

-0.0487*

(0.0443)

(0.0269)

(0.0272)

(0.0219)

(0.0241)

Language Hausa

0.0168

-0.0247

-0.0666*

-0.0470*

-0.113**

(0.0608)

(0.0318)

(0.0273)

(0.0233)

(0.0379)

Absent from school

0.0570

0.0275

0.0297

0.0240

0.00654

(0.0390)

(0.0218)

(0.0228)

(0.0186)

(0.0161)

Teacher absent

0.123**

0.0174

0.0254

0.0602**

0.0164

(0.0331)

(0.0216)

(0.0225)

(0.0156)

(0.0176)

Family wealth: q2

-0.00773

0.0245

-0.000988

-0.000160

-0.0503**

(0.0525)

(0.0366)

(0.0408)

(0.0350)

(0.0168)

Family wealth: q3

-0.169**

-0.0116

-0.0173

-0.0123

-0.0659**

(0.0546)

(0.0398)

(0.0405)

(0.0349)

(0.0172)

Family wealth: q4

-0.149*

-0.0256

-0.0157

0.00917

-0.0855**

(0.0589)

(0.0417)

(0.0408)

(0.0329)

(0.0193)

Family wealth: q5

-0.202**

-0.0399

-0.0368

-0.0220

-0.108**

(0.0625)

(0.0457)

(0.0463)

(0.0397)

(0.0206)

School: TPR

-0.00124

-0.00011

-0.00208

-0.00104

-0.00013

(0.000123)

(6.62e-05)

(7.00e-05)

(5.63e-05)

(7.62e-05)

School: female HT

0.0300

-0.0766*

-0.0677+

-0.0384

0.0152

(0.0853)

(0.0339)

(0.0380)

(0.0327)

(0.0534)

School: library

-0.121**

-0.106**

-0.126**

-0.104**

-0.0413*

(0.0441)

(0.0400)

(0.0413)

(0.0358)

(0.0208)

School: electricity

-0.0921*

-0.0718*

-0.0695*

-0.0254

-0.0494**

(0.0410)

(0.0314)

(0.0326)

(0.0230)

(0.0181)

School: drk water

0.0801**

0.0839**

0.108**

0.0738**

-0.0181

(0.0306)

(0.0239)

(0.0253)

(0.0207)

(0.0150)

School : toilet

-0.193**

-0.0466*

-0.0550*

-0.0435*

-0.0443*

(0.0302)

(0.0211)

(0.0225)

(0.0186)

(0.0188)

Observations

2,832

Notes:

(1) Survey weights have been used to estimate the regression model. (2) Robust

standard errors are reported.

In conclusion, the level of student learning is low in Nigeria across all all four sample states. The

quality of education delivered is so low in government schools that even pupils attending IQTE

centres outperformed their government school peers. The low performance of government

school is not owing to the subject of assessment. Although not reported, we repeated the analysis