Special Economic Zones in the OIC Region:
Learning from Experience
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Figure 18 - Malaysian Export Values ($Bn)
Source: World Bank (2017) World Bank Open Data. Available from
Figure 19 - Malaysian FDI – Net Inflows ($Bn)
Source: World Bank (2017) World Bank Open Data. Available from
The analysis illustrates that there is a relationship between increases in Malaysian GDP per
capita and export values, particularly from the start of the 1990s when the Penang FTZs and
Industrial Estates began to move from simple assembly functions to higher value added
component manufacturing and R&D activities.
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Malaysia-Export Values ($)
Bayan Lepas FTZ
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Bayan Lepas FTZ