Education of Disadvantaged Children in OIC:
The Key to Escape from Poverty
257
ANNEX 6: PAKISTAN
Annex Table 7 DHS 1990 and 2012 Correlations
Attendance in
school
(6-11 year
olds)
Attendance
in school
(12-15 year
olds)
Finishing 5
years of
education
(12-15 year
olds)
Finishing 8
years of
education
(16-18 year
olds)
1990
2012 1990 2012
1990 2012 1990
2012
Urban/Rural
Location
Rural
46.5
69.9
45.8
57.5
30.3
46.8
19.6
37.6
Urban
75.2
85.5
68.3
77.6
61.4
67.9
51.3
61.1
Region
Balochistan
29
51.5
32.7
49
22.6
34.2
10.8
30.8
Sindh
48.1
59.1
48.7
54.5
33.9
44.3
33.2
41.4
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa
45.6
74.7
46.1
67
26.5
53.9
20.5
46.2
Punjab
62.2
83.4
57.8
68.2
47.4
59
33.6
48.2
Household
head's
education
No education
44
61.8
42
48.7
29
38.5
20.2
29.6
Primary
education
59.7
77.4
56.7
64.4
42.7
52.3
25.9
40.7
Secondary
Education
79.2
88
78.7
79.6
66.1
69.6
56.4
62.6
Higher Education
90.8
91.8
89.9
89.2
88.3
80.4
86.9
80
Number of
children at
home
5 or more
children
52.8
70
51.9
56.6
37.3
44
28.7
31.9
3-4 children
56.6
77.4
54.3
66.4
40.3
53.1
30.4
42.2
1-2 children
59.6
81.8
54
70.5
46.9
64.1
33.7
50.6
Asset quintiles
Quint 1 (Poorest)
27.9
45.3
31.5
30.8
18.2
19.4
8.5
10.9
Quint 2
45.5
70.5
42
54.6
26.4
42.3
15.7
30.2
Quint 3
50.6
84.3
47
68.8
32.1
57.1
17.7
46.8
Quint 4
69.8
88.9
62.6
79.1
50
70.8
33.7
58.7
Quint 5 (Richest)
87.6
95.7
82.1
89.5
75
82
67.5
78.3
Language
Non-Urdu
53.5
72
52
61.5
37.5
50.4
27.7
41.1
Urdu
74.5
92.1
72.7
82.8
63.5
73.5
57
67.2
Gender
Female
45.6
70.3
39.8
57
31.9
51.8
22.7
41.2
Male
63.5
78.2
65.4
70
48.2
55.1
39
50.1
TOTAL
TOTAL
54.9
74.5
53.2
63.8
40.5
53.5
30.9
45.5
Note: Authors’ calculations using DHS 1990 and 2012. Language is not the language of the child but instead
native language (or the language women speaks at home) of women responding to the women's questionnaire.
If there are more than 1 woman in the household responding to the questionnaire the mode is taken. Hence this
variable proxies the language spoken in the household. In order to be consistent with DHS 1990, Gilgit-
Baltistan region is dropped from DHS 2012 and Islamabad in DHS 2012 is assumed as part of Punjab region.