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Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1. Scope and Description of the Study........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Background to Work Undertaken .............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Current State in the OIC Member States ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2. What is a Megacity? .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3. OIC Megacities Examined in This Report ................................................................................................................ 7 2.4. Overview of OIC Megacities Transport .................................................................................................................... 8 3. Overview of Global Trends in World’s Megacities ........................................................................................10 3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2. Analysis of Transport Problems in Megacities .................................................................................................. 11 3.3. Transport Network and Land Use Planning ....................................................................................................... 12 3.3.1. Transport network and infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 12 3.3.2. Land use and urban form ................................................................................................................................. 14 3.4. Mode Availability and Shares.................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.1. Private motorized transport ........................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.2. Public transport.................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.3. Non-motorized transport (NMT).................................................................................................................. 27 3.5. Freight and Servicing .................................................................................................................................................... 31 3.5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 31 3.5.2. Freight and servicing of megacities in developed countries ............................................................ 31 3.5.3. Freig h t and servicing of megacities in developing countries ........................................................... 33 3.6. Road Safety ........................................................................................................................................................................ 34 3.6.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 34 3.6.2. Road safety of megacities in developed countries ................................................................................ 35 3.6.3. Road safety of megacities in developing countries............................................................................... 35 3.7. Institutions and Organizational structure ........................................................................................................... 36 3.7.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.7.2. Institutions and organizational structure in developed world megacities ................................ 36 3.7.3. Institutions and organization in developing world megacities....................................................... 37 3.8. Urban Transport Infrastructure Financing ......................................................................................................... 38 3.8.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 38 3.8.2. Urban transport infrastructure financing in developed world megacities ................................ 38 3.8.3. Urban transport infrastructure financing in developing world megacities............................... 39 3.9. Health................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.9.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.9.2. Transport and health in the megacities in developed countries .................................................... 42 3.9.3. Transport and health in the megacities in developing countries................................................... 43 3.10. Climate Change ................................................................................................................................................................ 44 3.10.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 44 3.10.2. Climate change of megacities in developed countries......................................................................... 45 3.10.3. Climate change of megacities in developing countries ....................................................................... 46 3.11. Social Exclusion ............................................................................................................................................................... 47 3.11.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 47 3.11.2. Transport related social exclusion in megacities of developed countries ................................. 47 3.11.3. Transport related social exclusion in developing countries............................................................. 49 3.12. Human Dimension of Cities........................................................................................................................................ 51 3.12.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 51 3.12.2. Human dimension of developed cities ....................................................................................................... 52 3.12.3. Human dimension of developing cities ...................................................................................................... 53 4. 3 OIC Case Studies Review .....................................................................................................................................54 4.1. Jakarta.................................................................................................................................................................................. 54 4.1.1. Urban background............................................................................................................................................... 54