iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Concepts similar to Border Agency Cooperation ..................................................................................... 11 Table 2. Typical tasks and responsibilities of border control agencies........................................................... 13 Table 3. Cross-border performance and iBAC indicators ...................................................................................... 52 Table 4. Key indicators related to BAC activities in the OIC member states in the Arab region .......... 54 Table 5. Other regional initiatives in Arab region..................................................................................................... 55 Table 6. Key indicators related to BAC activities in the OIC member states in the Asian region......... 57 Table 7. Other regional initiatives in Asian region ................................................................................................... 60 Table 8. Key indicators related to BAC activities in the OIC member states in the African region ..... 64 Table 9. Other regional initiatives in African region................................................................................................ 66 Table 10. Main government agencies present at the Abu Dhabi international airport ............................ 74 Table 11. Summary of international BAC activities in Abu Dhabi...................................................................... 78 Table 12. Summary of international BAC activities in Uganda............................................................................ 85 Table 13. Malaysian government agencies that have an interest in cross-border traffic. ..................... 89 Table 14. Summary on the key international BAC activities in Malaysia ....................................................... 94 Table 15. Summary of international BAC activities in Albania......................................................................... 104 Table 16. Summary of activities to promote BAC in the four OIC case countries .................................... 104

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Differences between uncoordinated and coordinated border management ............................ 10 Figure 2. CBRA conceptual framework for Border Agency Cooperation........................................................ 15 Figure 3. CBRA model on 15 key Border Agency Cooperation activities........................................................ 18 Figure 4. The US – Mexican border region ................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 5. Map of the Zambia-Zimbabwe border region, with the location of the Chirundu OSBP ...... 36 Figure 6. Southbound traffic diagram at the Chirundu OSBP .............................................................................. 38 Figure 7. Northbound traffic diagram at the Chirundu OSBP .............................................................................. 39 Figure 8. Public hall for all southbound traffic at the Chirundu OSBP ............................................................. 39 Figure 9. Passenger hall for northbound traffic at the Chirundu OSBP........................................................... 40 Figure 10. Position of the Laobao border gate in Vietnam and the Dansavanh border gate in Laos . 43 Figure 11. At Laobao checkpoints, Vietnam................................................................................................................. 44 Figure 12. Customs procedure: Step 1 (left) and Steps 2 and 3 (right) ........................................................... 45 Figure 13. Customs procedure with Single Window................................................................................................ 45 Figure 14. Facilities and equipment ................................................................................................................................ 46 Figure 15. Scanning equipment at the CCA Dansavanh check point, Laos ..................................................... 46 Figure 16. Joint inspections................................................................................................................................................. 47 Figure 17. Main border crossings and logistics hubs in Abu Dhabi .................................................................. 71 Figure 18. Institutional setting for international Border Agency Cooperation............................................ 72 Figure 19. Map of Malaysia with major border crossing points ......................................................................... 87