4 / 128
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. i LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................... 9 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 10 1.1. Basic concepts .................................................................................................................. 10 1.1.1. Border Agency Cooperation in trade facilitation ................................................................ 10 1.1.2. Border control tasks and agencies .................................................................................... 12 1.1.3. Benefits of international Border Agency Cooperation ........................................................ 13 1.2. Conceptual framework on Border Agency Cooperation ..................................................... 15 1.2.1. Overview .......................................................................................................................... 15 1.2.2. Levels of cooperation ........................................................................................................ 15 1.2.3. Areas of integration .......................................................................................................... 16 1.2.4. Objects of sharing ............................................................................................................. 17 1.3. Model of BAC 15 key activities .......................................................................................... 17 1.3.1. Overview .......................................................................................................................... 17 1.3.2. BAC activities with supply chain companies as the primary beneficiaries .......................... 19 1.3.3. BAC activities with government agencies as the primary beneficiary ................................. 20 1.3.4. BAC activities with supply chain companies as well as government agencies as beneficiaries ................................................................................................................................... 21 1.4. One-Stop Border Posts ...................................................................................................... 22 2. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND GLOBAL TRENDS IN iBAC ..................... 24 2.1. International legal framework for BAC .............................................................................. 24 2.1.1. World Trade Organization, WTO ....................................................................................... 24 2.1.2. World Customs Organization, WCO ................................................................................... 25 2.1.3. United Nations treaties ..................................................................................................... 28 2.1.4. International standards on plant and animal health and protection ................................... 28 2.1.5. Bilateral and multilateral arrangements ............................................................................ 29 2.2. Case Mexico – the United States ........................................................................................ 29 2.2.1. Setting the scene for iBAC ................................................................................................. 30